Bava Batra 4
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַבַּיִת, לֹא מָכַר הַיָּצִיעַ, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא פְתוּחָה לְתוֹכוֹ, וְלֹא אֶת הַחֶדֶר שֶׁלִּפְנִים מִמֶּנּוּ, וְלֹא אֶת הַגַּג בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ מַעֲקֶה גָבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ צוּרַת פֶּתַח, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ גָבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אֵינוֹ מָכוּר:
One who sells a house has not sold the yatzia, even if it opens into it. [A yatzia is a kind of room running around the walls of the house from the outside, as in the Temple, viz. (I Kings 6:6): "…and the nethermost yatzia." Some build it in the thickness of the wall. And even if it opens into the house and is utilized therefrom, still, it is not (regarded as) sold (with it). This, if it contains four cubits; but if not, it is not regarded as distinct (from the house)]. And (he has) not (sold) the room before it, [the house, even if it opens into the house and communicates with it.] And (he has) not (sold) the roof when it has a railing ten handbreadths high, [in which instance it is distinct in itself and not "absorbed" in the house.] R. Yehudah says: If it has the configuration of a door, even if it is not ten handbreadths high, it is not sold. [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.]
לֹא אֶת הַבּוֹר, וְלֹא אֶת הַדּוּת, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכָּתַב לוֹ עֻמְקָא וְרוּמָא. וְצָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דֶרֶךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. וּמוֹדֶה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. מְכָרָן לְאַחֵר, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ צָרִיך לִקַּח לוֹ דֶרֶךְ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ:
(He has) not (sold) the bor [a cavity in the ground] nor the duth [a structure of stones above the ground in the form of a bor], even if he wrote (that he is selling) him the depth and the height (of the house). [He does not acquire the bor and the duth since their use (water storage) is distinct from (that of) the house. (They are not acquired) unless he writes "from the bottom of the depths to the heights of the heavens."] And he [the seller] must buy access rights [from the buyer to the bor and the duth. For the seller sells "generously," reserving nothing for himself.] These are the words of R. Akiva. The sages say: He need not buy access rights. [They hold that the seller sells "stintingly," so that when he sold the house, he reserved for himself access rights to the bor and the duth.] And R. Akiva concedes that if he said to him: "Except these" [the bor and the duth], he need not buy access rights, [for, being a superfluous condition, it is understood to refer to access rights.] If he sold them [the bor and the duth] to another, [leaving the house for himself], R. Akiva says that he (the buyer) need not buy access rights, [for the seller sells "generously," and when he sold him the bor and the duth, he also sold access rights.] The sages say that he must buy access rights. [The halachah is in accordance with R. Akiva.]
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַבַּיִת, מָכַר אֶת הַדֶּלֶת, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַמַּפְתֵּחַ. מָכַר אֶת הַמַּכְתֶּשֶׁת הַקְּבוּעָה, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַמִּטַּלְטֶלֶת. מָכַר אֶת הָאִצְטְרֻבָּל, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַקֶּלֶת, וְלֹא אֶת הַתַּנּוּר, וְלֹא אֶת הַכִּירָיִם. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הוּא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין:
One who sells a house [("house," unqualified)] has sold the door, [all fixed house appurtenances being subsumed under "house"], but not the key, [it being movable]. He has sold the mortar fixed [in the ground], but not the movable one. He has sold the itztrobel [a circular fixed wooden base on which the mill is placed], but not the keleth [the movable hopper placed around the mill to receive the ground meal, so that it not fall to the ground.] And (he has) not (sold) the oven or the stove, [for they are movable. There are versions which read: "He has sold the oven and the stove." The "oven and the stove" there are of the kind that are fixed in the ground.] If he said to him: ("I sell you) it (the house) and all that is in it," all is sold [i.e., all of these (aforementioned) household appurtenances; but other appurtenances are not sold. Even if he said: "and all that is in it," only household appurtenances, such as key, keleth, and the like, are subsumed therein.]
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הֶחָצֵר, מָכַר בָּתִּים, בּוֹרוֹת, שִׁיחִין, וּמְעָרוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הִיא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ, וְלֹא אֶת בֵּית הַבַּד שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הֶחָצֵר, לֹא מָכַר אֶלָּא אֲוִירָהּ שֶׁל חָצֵר:
One who sells a courtyard has sold houses [opening into it], (and) boroth, shichin, and ma'aroth [in the houses] (see 2:1). [And even though one who sells a house has not sold bor, shiach, or ma'arah, they are, notwithstanding, "absorbed" in the courtyard.] But (he has) not (sold) the movables. If he said to him: "It and all that is in it," all is sold. In either case, he has not sold him the bathhouse or the olive press therein. [Even if he said: "all that is in it," he has not sold the bathhouse, etc., for they are not included in "courtyard." [R. Eliezer says: If one sells a courtyard, he has sold only the confines of the courtyard. [The halachah is not in accordance with R. Eliezer.]
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת בֵּית הַבַּד, מָכַר אֶת הַיָּם וְאֶת הַמַּמָּל וְאֶת הַבְּתוּלוֹת, אֲבָל לֹא מָכַר אֶת הָעֲכִירִין וְאֶת הַגַּלְגַּל וְאֶת הַקּוֹרָה. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הוּא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַמּוֹכֵר בֵּית הַבַּד, מָכַר אֶת הַקּוֹרָה:
One who sells an olive press has sold the yam [the stone in which the olives are placed for grinding], the memel [the upper millstone, with which the olives are crushed], and the bethuloth [the cedar posts supporting the beams in the olive press], but he has not sold the achirin [the heavy boards placed on the sacks in which the crushed olives are placed in order to preserve them], the wheel [by which the stone is rolled to press upon the crushed olives and extract their oil], and the beam. And if he said to him: "It and all that is in it," all is sold. R. Eliezer says: One who sells an olive press has sold the beam.
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַמֶּרְחָץ, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַנְּסָרִים וְאֶת הַסַּפְסָלִים וְאֶת הַוִּילָאוֹת. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הוּא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, לֹא מָכַר אֶת הַמְּגֻרוֹת שֶׁל מַיִם וְלֹא אֶת הָאוֹצָרוֹת שֶׁל עֵצִים:
One who sells a bathhouse has not sold the boards [on which clothes are placed], the safsalim [benches. Some read it "s'falim" (the basins), where water is placed for washing], and the vilaoth [the door curtain. Some understand it as the cloth with which one sponges himself; and others, as the cloth with which one covers his genitals when sitting in the bath.] If he said to him: "It and all that is in it," all is sold. In either case, he has not sold the reservoirs [feeding the bathhouse] or the stores of wood [for heating the bathhouse.]
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הָעִיר, מָכַר בָּתִּים, בּוֹרוֹת, שִׁיחִין, וּמְעָרוֹת, מֶרְחֲצָאוֹת וְשׁוֹבָכוֹת, בֵּית הַבַּדִּין וּבֵית הַשְּׁלָחִין, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַמִּטַּלְטְלִין. וּבִזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הִיא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, אֲפִלּוּ הָיוּ בָהּ בְּהֵמָה וַעֲבָדִים, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הָעִיר, מָכַר אֶת הַסַּנְטֵר:
One who sells a city has sold the houses [and, it goes without saying, the courtyards, which are its essential constituents], boroth, shichin, and ma'aroth (see 2:1), bathhouses, dove-cotes, olive presses and irrigated ground [i.e., gardens and orchards appertaining to the city]; but he has not sold movables [i.e., appurtenances such as key, keleth, and the like (see 4:3). And it goes without saying that he has not sold wheat and barley.] And if he said to him: "It and all that is in it" — even if there were in it beasts and bondsmen, all are sold. [even bondsmen and beasts, which are mobile; and, it goes without saying, wheat and barley, which is not mobile.] R. Shimon b. Gamliel says: One who sells a city has sold the santer [a bondsman assigned to guard the city. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Shimon b. Gamliel.]
הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת הַשָּׂדֶה, מָכַר אֶת הָאֲבָנִים שֶׁהֵם לְצָרְכָּהּ, וְאֶת הַקָּנִים שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם שֶׁהֵם לְצָרְכּוֹ, וְאֶת הַתְּבוּאָה שֶׁהִיא מְחֻבֶּרֶת לַקַּרְקַע, וְאֶת מְחִצַּת הַקָּנִים שֶׁהִיא פְחוּתָה מִבֵּית רֹבַע, וְאֶת הַשּׁוֹמֵרָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ עֲשׂוּיָה בְטִיט, וְאֶת הֶחָרוּב שֶׁאֵינוֹ מֻרְכָּב, וְאֶת בְּתוּלַת הַשִּׁקְמָה:
One who sells a field has sold the stones required for it [i.e., for fencing it], and the reeds in the vineyard [to which the vines are tied], which are required for it, and the produce rooted in the ground, and a reed partition [many reeds growing from one stem], smaller than a beth-rova, [in which instance it is "absorbed" in the field], and a watcher's hut [secured to the ground with lime], which (itself) is not made with lime, and the [young] ungrafted carob. [For when it matures, it strengthens and is grafted, and it assumes a distinct name and is not "absorbed" in the field.], and the [young] virgin sycamore [before its branches are cut. For when it matures, its branches are cut and many grow in their place, and it is called the "sycamore trunk."]
אֲבָל לֹא מָכַר לֹא אֶת הָאֲבָנִים שֶׁאֵינָן לְצָרְכָּהּ, וְלֹא אֶת הַקָּנִים שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם שֶׁאֵינָן לְצָרְכּוֹ, וְלֹא אֶת הַתְּבוּאָה שֶׁהִיא תְלוּשָׁה מִן הַקַּרְקַע. בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ, הִיא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, הֲרֵי כֻלָּן מְכוּרִין. בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ, לֹא מָכַר לֹא אֶת מְחִצַּת הַקָּנִים שֶׁהִיא בֵית רֹבַע, וְלֹא אֶת הַשּׁוֹמֵרָה שֶׁהִיא עֲשׂוּיָה בְטִיט, וְלֹא אֶת הֶחָרוּב הַמֻּרְכָּב, וְלֹא אֶת סַדַּן הַשִּׁקְמָה, וְלֹא אֶת הַבּוֹר, וְלֹא אֶת הַגַּת, וְלֹא אֶת הַשּׁוֹבָךְ, בֵּין חֲרֵבִין בֵּין יְשׁוּבִין. וְצָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ. וּמוֹדֶה רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ חוּץ מֵאֵלּוּ, שֶׁאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. מְכָרָן לְאַחֵר, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, צָרִיךְ לִקַּח לוֹ דָרֶךְ. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּמוֹכֵר. אֲבָל בְּנוֹתֵן מַתָּנָה, נוֹתֵן אֶת כֻּלָּם. הָאַחִין שֶׁחָלְקוּ, זָכוּ בַשָּׂדֶה, זָכוּ בְכֻלָּם. הַמַּחֲזִיק בְּנִכְסֵי הַגֵּר, הֶחֱזִיק בַּשָּׂדֶה, הֶחֱזִיק בְּכֻלָּם. הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אֶת הַשָּׂדֶה, הִקְדִּישׁ אֶת כֻּלָּם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אֶת הַשָּׂדֶה, לֹא הִקְדִּישׁ אֶלָּא אֶת הֶחָרוּב הַמֻּרְכָּב וְאֶת סַדַּן הַשִּׁקְמָה:
But he has not sold the stones that are not being used for its purposes, nor the reeds in a vineyard that are not being used for its purposes, nor the produce that has already been picked from the ground. But if he had said, “It and all that is in it,” all of these are also sold. But either way he has not sold any partition of reeds that covers a quarter-[<i>kav</i>]’s space of ground, or the watchman’s hut if that was plastered with mortar, or grafted carob trees or cropped sycamores, or any cistern or winepress or dovecote, whether they are in ruin or in use. And he must purchase a path - these are the words of Rabbi Akiva. But the sages say: He need not. And Rabbi Akiva agrees that if he had said, “Excepting these”, he need not buy himself path. If he had sold them to another, Rabbi Akiva says: He [that bought them] need not buy himself a path. But the Sages say: He must buy himself a path. To what do these words refer? To a seller. But one who gives it as a gift gives all of it. If brothers divided [an inheritance, the one who] has rights to a field has rights to everything that is in it. One who is laying claim to the property of a convert, [once] he lays claim to the [convert’s] field, he lays claim to everything that is in it. One who dedicated a field [to the Temple] has dedicated everything in it. Rabbi Shimon says: One who dedicated a field [to the Temple] has dedicated only the grafted carob trees and cropped sycamores.